Weather stations in the field, like this one near Young, AZ, supply valuable information used in grasshopper phenological studies. (Agricultural Research Service photo by James R. Fisher.)

Table of Contents

IV.1 What Modeling Is and How It Works — Jerome A. Onsager

IV.2 Grasshopper Egg Development: the Role of Temperature in Predicting Egg Hatch  — J. R. Fisher, W. P. Kemp, F. B. Pierson, and J. R. Wight

IV.3 Grasshoppers and Vegetation Communities  — Anthony Joern, William P. Kemp, Gary E. Belovsky, and Kevin O’Neill

IV.4 Host Plant Quality and Grasshopper Populations  — Anthony Joern

IV.5 Environmental Factors That Affect Plant Quality  — Anthony Joern

IV.6 Melanoplus sanguinipes Phenology North–South Across the Western United States — J. R. Fisher, W. P. Kemp, and J. S. Berry

IV.7 Nutritional Needs and Control of Feeding  — Anthony Joern

IV.8 Recognizing and Managing Potential Outbreak Conditions  — G. E. Belovsky, J. A. Lockwood, and K. Winks

Handbook Contents